The Film The Butterfly Effect - 1500 Words

There are plenty of movies that bring an educational value to individuals. Individuals can learn the meaning behind horror. However, one tends to think, is horror just based on torture, slasher or murder? I believe that horror could also be mental. Meaning that an individual can experience horror by themselves. Imagine the type of torture an individual goes through and no one can help them. Reason being they do not know what is happening to the other person. There is a movie called â€Å"The Butterfly Effect†. It is about a student named Evan Treborn, whose played by Ashton Kutcher. When Evan was going up he had serious headaches until it caused blackouts. He tried writing in his journals to help him remember. However, the journals could not help him figure out what he missed. Evan grew up and went to college, and continued to deal with headaches but not on the same level as before. Evan came across his old journals and thought about this girl named Kayleigh who is played by A my Smart. Evan grew up with Kayleigh and lost touch with her. He found her working at a diner and when he talked to her, he said something the struck a nerve and the next day he finds out that she committed suicide. The suicide shook Evan to the core, because he felt that it was his fault that her life was the way that it was. Reason being, Evan told Kayleigh that he would come back for her when he moved away with his mother. And he never came back until he was in college for a while. That was one ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Butterfly Effect ( 2004 ) And The Road Not Taken 1666 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of The Butterfly Effect (2004) and â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost Intensity developed. Painful cries shouted. Hatred and powerful love provoked. Intuition and spirituality formatted in verbal context. The expression of poetry is one of the many facets that help describe the human experience. The effects of the lingering emotions experienced in life help in the development of ethereal translation for generations as to the ideas and perspectives of the past, as well as whatRead MoreThe Butterfly Effect, and A Sound of Thunder by Ray Bradbury1138 Words   |  5 PagesMany science fiction shows, films, and novels today have been influenced by science fiction novels from the past. A few examples are Frequency,The Butterfly Effect, and A Sound of Thunder relating to A Sound of Thunder by Ray Bradbury. These films all express Bradbury’s idea of the butterfly effect and that time traveling can change the past, therefore changing the future. Although they share the same idea, they each have different outcomes. A Sound of Thunder was written in 1952 by Ray BradburyRead MoreThe Diving Bell And The Butterfly1334 Words   |  6 PagesPapillon Gratuit Question #1: Analyze a film A caterpillar is kept captive inside a chrysalis for months or even up to two years (â€Å"Butterfly Life Cycle†). Jean-Dominique Bauby was held captive in his chrysalis, but that did not stop him in becoming his own butterfly. The 2007 French film, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly was directed by Julian Schnabel. This film is about a forty-three-year-old man, Jean-Dominique Bauby, who was the editor of Elle Magazine. He was valuable to the fashion worldRead More THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT Essay715 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Butterfly Effect† was perhaps one of the best films I have ever seen. I found it mysterious, interesting and fascinating. I wanted to write my reaction paper about â€Å"Butterfly Effect† because of the similarity to the film we saw in class called â€Å"Donnie Darko†. Both films investigate the issue of destiny thoroughly. Both film had a male character that has memories, dreams or black outs which make them at first confused. But later on, they realized the power they have in order to change theirRead More Butterfly Effect Movie Review Essay951 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Movie Review of The Butterfly Effect nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It’s not everyday that one may watch a film that can be categorized in all of the genres of drama, thriller, sci-fi, and love. However, in J. Mackye Gruber and Eric Bress’s movie, The Butterfly Effect, they do just that. Throughout the film, a young man, Evan Treborn, played by Ashton Kutcher, who like his institutionalized dad before him, has memory blackouts that he must deal with. After several yearsRead MoreThe Butterfly Effect Narrative Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesAlyssa Iannotti Art of The Moving Image Narrative Essay November 28, 2007 The Butterfly Effect Narrative form is simply â€Å"a type of filmic organization in which the parts relate to one another through a series of casually related events taking place in time and space.† Narration usually occurs in a cause-effect relationship. There are many factors of narration but range and depth are the most important. The range refers to how much we know in the plot. Range connects characters andRead MoreSupernatural Effects In The Butterfly Effect843 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s not every day that one may watch a film that can be categorized in all the genres of thriller, drama, love, and sci-fi. However, in J. Mackye Gruber and Eric Bress’s movie, â€Å"The Butterfly Effect†, they do exactly that. Throughout the movie, a young man, Evan Treborn, played by Ashton Kutcher, who like his father before him, has memory blackouts that he must deal with. After several years had passed, Evan discovers a supernatural procedure to alter his entire life and find his disappeared andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hollywood Thriller Fatal Attraction And Madama Butterfly 1426 Words   |  6 Pagespermeates virtually every aspect of a person’s life, the media’s effect on our concepts of self, although impossible to determine precisely, are probably underestimated† ( Saucier 1986, 147). Mass media forms of entertainment have the unique ability to impact large audiences across time and space. The Hollywood thriller Fatal Attraction (1987), with its many references to Puccini’s opera Madama Butterfly (1903), proves to be a central film to study when considering how intertextual value may arise fromRead MoreThe Diving Bell And The Butterfly1277 Words   |  6 Pagesyears (â€Å"Butterfly Life Cycle†). The 2007 French film, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly was directed by Julian Schnabel. This film is about a forty-three year old man, Jean-Dominique Bauby, who was the editor for Elle Magazine. He was valuable to the fashion world. He has reached the top of his career and had a publishing contract to write his book on a 19th century tale, until one day he found himself waking up on a hospital bed in Berck-Su-Mer Hospital (â€Å"The Diving Bell and the Butterfly Synopsis†)Read MoreCompare the Ways the Distinctively Visual Is Cre ated in Run Lola Run and in One Other Related Text of Your Own Choosing?941 Words   |  4 Pagesfor viewers. Tom Tykwer’s film Run Lola Run includes Distinctively Visual scenes throughout the whole film using Symbolism. The exhilarating film takes the viewer through an intensely fast paced journey to find an answer to Lolas boyfriends problem.  Lola finds herself making life-altering decisions on the spot as she sprints through the plot. The actual timeline of the story is only twenty minutes, but the story takes a twist to explore the idea of the butterfly effect.  Certain recurring images

Essay on The Abortion Debate - 1351 Words

Abortion is one of the most heated moral debates. It can be said that a person’s view on this issue speaks to the type of person they are in general. Most would say that someone who has a more liberal view of the world is pro choice and someone who is more conservative is pro life. Although there may prove to be a correlation between political view and view on abortion, there are people in this world on both sides of the issue. Some support a woman’s right to choose abortion, while others think the right to life is more important than a woman’s right to choose. Many people are in the middle of the issue, and support it on a situational basis. People tend to be unsure until the situation is explained and the individual takes their†¦show more content†¦Dilation and curettage requires the doctor to dilate the cervix and use a curette to remove the fetus and clean the wall of the uterus. Suction aspiration abortions are where the doctor inserts a suct ion tube into a woman’s womb and sucks the fetus out. Dilation and evacuation also requires a doctor to dilate the cervix but there are multiple tools used to remove the fetus from the uterus. Salt poisoning requires a doctor to remove amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac and replace it with saline solution, which then burns the skin of the fetus. Salt poisoning is no longer used in the United States. A prostaglandin chemical abortion is a two-part procedure in which a woman must take a cocktail to kill the fetus and another cocktail to initiate uterine contractions to begin to process of allowing the fetus to leave the uterus. This option is often referred to as an abortion pill, and formerly known as RU-486. A hysterotomy or cesarean section is when the doctor will preform a cesarean section birth for the fetus but the umbilical cord is cut within the womb for the baby to be killed before birth. Partial birth abortion is when the doctor causes a breech birth so the ba by’s head is the last thing left in the birth canal and the back of theShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Abortion And Abortion1448 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion. This word leaves most people feeling uneasy after just saying it out loud. The discussion of abortion is continuously left open-ended with millions of opinions, arguments, and questions. Abortions occur every single day leaving potential fathers devastated or thrilled, leaving friends and families broken and distraught or in contrast, proud. More importantly, leaving the potential mother uncertain and even destroyed. But with abortion in mind, what is considered wrong and what is consideredRead MoreThe Debate Over Abortion3667 Words   |  15 PagesPolitical Science 101 SBCC April 19, 2015 T/R 11:10 Laws vs. The Right to Life The debate over abortion has divided Americans into polarized sides since the Supreme Court’s 7-2 decision in Roe v. Wade on January 22, 1973, where the Court deemed abortion a fundamental right under the United States Constitution. The lawsuit began when Norma McCorvey became pregnant with her third child in 1969 and could not get a legal abortion in Texas. With her attorneys, they filed a lawsuit. Roe v. Wade reached SupremeRead MoreThe Abortion Debate Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of abortion is one of the most controversial topics affecting our society. The disagreement between for and against abortion has caused hundreds of fights that have even resulted in death. Regardless of what many individuals may accept, fetus removal is not right or off. It is a matter of individual assessment. Consequently, each one side can say with assurance that alternate isnt right. Accordingly the inquiry remains; should premature birth be lawful? Though many people may disagreeRead MoreThe Philosophical Aspects Of The Abortion Debate1672 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical aspects of the abortion debate form two logical arguments, which oppose and support abortion. These arguments are based on what is ethical and the rights of an individual. The view that abortion should be illegal rest on the moral right of the life of a human being at or near conception killing an embryo is unjust since it violates the right to life (Hershenov 129). Therefore, the law should prohibit violation of the right to life. The view that abortion should be legal, generally arguesRead MoreEssay about The Abortion Debate706 Words   |  3 PagesThe Abortion Debate There are all kinds of people in the world, and we all have different opinions. In this report I am discussing abortion. You will read about the pros and cons of this subject. Some people think that abortion is wrong; they think that abortion is the killing of innocent children. Other people believe that the unborn child is not actually a human until it takes its first breath of air. Many people think that having an abortion is in a way, murderRead MoreAbortion Is A Never Ending Debate1094 Words   |  5 Pages Amir Azarvana Pols 1101 July 2nd 2015 Abortion. The tittle of the article I will be analyzing is â€Å"republicans seek to put abortion on the front burner in 2016†. The article was published in U.S. News and World Report, written by Tierney Sneed. Abortion is a never ending debate, it is one of the most common medical procedures performed in the United States each year. Abortion is also one of the most debated topics of all time, it is a never ending debate of whether it should be legal for womenRead MoreThe Debate Over The Controversy Of Abortion1600 Words   |  7 PagesWhen taking the emotional aspect out of the abortion argument, what premise would most support individual liberty? The debate over the controversy of abortion continues because of its frequency of occurrence, and the cultural, legal and religious status that varies extensively in different parts of the United States. While the emotional arguments regarding abortion can be compelling, but should have no bearing in the legal discussion, the individualsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ rights to life and liberty should be held aboveRead More The Debate Over Abortion Essay2024 Words   |  9 PagesWith the ongoing debate and the advancement of technology in determining the viability of a fetus, abortion, the ending of a pregnancy by removing a fertilized egg, has become increasingly controversial. The morality of abortion has caused many to separate into opposite sides of the spectrum, pro-life and pro-choice. The arguments over abortion has stirred a continuous debate between a pro-choice stance such as that presented by the analogical reasoning of Thomson or Glover’s examination of socialRead MoreA Comprehensive Review Of The Civil Liberty Debate On Abortion.1500 Words   |  6 PagesA Comprehensive Review of the Civil Liberty Debate on Abortion Of all the issues plaguing the United States, currently and in the past, abortion rights have been one of the most passionately debated civil liberty issues. Edward Sidlow and Beth Henschen define civil liberties as â€Å"Individual rights protected by the Constitution against the powers of the government†(72). Some argue that women should be protected from the powers of government in terms of reproductive rights while others argue thatRead MoreAbortion In The United States Is A Major Topic Of Debate1218 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion in the United States is a major topic of debate in United States politics. People today frequently hear the terms pro-choice and pro-life, which represent the liberal and conservative views on this issue, respectively. First made illegal in the late 1800s, the federal government did not rule that abortion was legal again until the Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973. Despite this ruling, citizens still fight for women’s ability to terminate their pregnancies as they face legislature

Facebook Essay Free Essays

Size of this preview: 336 ? 600 pixels. Other resolution: 134 ? 240 pixels. Full resolution ? (434 ? 775 pixels, file size: 34 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Information from its description page there is shown below. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help. DescriptionAn Essay concerning Humane Understanding in four books (1690) by John Locke (1632-1704) Date2005-12-03 (original upload date) SourceOriginally from de. wikipedia; description page is/was here. AuthorOriginal uploader was Olaf Simons at de. wikipedia Permission (Reusing this file) This image is in the public domain. Other versions [edit]Licensing This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to Australia, the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years. You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 70 years: Mexico has 100 years, Colombia has 80 years, and Guatemala and Samoa have 75 years, Russia has 74 years for some authors. This image may not be in the public domain in these countries, which moreover do not implement the rule of the shorter term. Cote d’Ivoire has a general copyright term of 99 years and Honduras has 75 years, but they do implement the rule of the shorter term. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment current22:32, 1 September 2010434 ? 775 (34 KB)JuTaigher resolution from de:Datei:Locke Essay 1690. jpg uploaded by de:user:Olaf Simons at 2005-12-03 23:22:27 local time with comment (John Locke, 1632-1704. An Essay concerning Humane Understanding in four books (London: Printed for Tho. Basset, a 08:55, 15 August 2009396 ? 732 (54 KB)Jack Merridewslight rotation to fix look; fixed a few speckles, too 15:33, 25 April 2007396 ? 734 (148 KB)W. C. Minor{{Information |Description=An Essay concerning Humane Understanding in four books (1690) by John Locke (1632-1704) |Source=Originally from [http://de. wikipedia. org de. wikipedia]; descripti File usage The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Essay How to cite Facebook Essay, Essays Facebook Essay Free Essays In 2004 a 20-year-old man named Mark Zukerberg created a phenomenon that involves over 500 million people in this world. In fact today, there are more people on Facebook, than there were on the planet 200 years ago. Zukerberg created this website not knowing that it would become this popular to the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept of Facebook that Mark Zukerberg envisioned is viewed positively and negatively throughout the world. Facebook is always described as a place to make connections. Every person that you accept as a friend can see what you are doing on your profile. This is used to make connections with your friends that you may not have realized before. This could include adding your favorite movie; all of your friends then know what it is and can agree/disagree with your choice. Facebook is a place that makes it easy and efficient to connect with your friends, whether they live 5 miles or 5 hundred miles away. Some say you can do this by Instant Messaging, video chatting, e-mailing or writing letters. All of those options are true but what makes Facebook so popular is that you can do all of those things in one place to so many different people at once. For family that you do not see often, you can post pictures to show them what you have been doing. In the same place you can write them a note or video chat with them. The reason Zuckerbergs site became so popular so fast is because people want one place where they have many options of things to do. Another advantage to Facebook is the grouping it creates. You can create or join a group that states a common interest. People go into the group to talk about this interest, share ideas, and events about that interest. For example, last year my whole senior class planned a trip together. It would have been impossible to make this happen over texting or the phone so instead we used Facebook. Everyone could post ideas about what we should do and where we should go in this group. When someone posts everyone else can comment back saying what he or she thinks about that specific post. Some people join Facebook if they are famous or looking to become famous. They can post their latest projects there and all of their fans can comment, like, and share what the artist put up. This allows many different people to see it and show it to their friends so the artist can become more popular, especially if they are new. Mark Zuckerberg is the kid who created an online empire without even trying. In his 2010 interview in The New Yorker, Mark Zuckerberg is portrayed as a person who does not indulge with all of the money he has. It says that on his Facebook page his interests include â€Å"Minimalism,† â€Å"Revolutions,† and â€Å"Eliminating Desire. † He also states in a Facebook status that he does not own a TV. I think this goes to show what kind of person he is. He has had the same girlfriend, now wife, since college and they do not live in an over-luxurious home like most billionaires do. At 12 years old, Zuckerberg created a simple version of what is now Instant Messenger for his fathers dental business and his own home. In his New Yorker interview, the author Jose Antonio Vargas says, â€Å"In all of our talks, the most animated Zuckerberg ever got—speaking with a big smile, almost tripping on his words, his eyes alert—was when he described his youthful adventures in coding. † I think this perfectly shows how innocently Zuckerberg views his programming and making websites. He really just enjoys it, not for the money or the fame but for the love of programming. In the world today you can find many critics of Facebook and of Mark Zuckerberg. I do not think people take enough time to look at the positives and the amazing online world that Zuckerberg created. It is interesting to see how many of the â€Å"haters† of Facebook are actually on it. Considering about 1 of every 13 people is on Facebook currently, I would suspect many people who speak negatively couldn’t get off of it. Work Cited Vargas, Jose Antonio. The Face of Facebook. The New Yorker, 2010. How to cite Facebook Essay, Essays Facebook Essay Free Essays The Winklevosses’ defeat! In â€Å"The Social Network†, directed by David Fincher, Jesse Eisenberg plays the role of the founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg. This film depicts all the successes and conflicts that Zuckerberg had to go through in order to make Facebook the most successful social networking site in the world. After launching a website called â€Å"facemash† Zuckerberg became so popular that he was confronted by the Winklevoss twins. We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss asked Zuckerberg to create a website for college students at Harvard but Zuckerberg eventually veered off into a different direction hence the creation the of Facebook. The Winklevoss twins are now angered by the fact that Zuckerberg apparently â€Å"stole† their idea, and take him to court. After numerous meetings the Winklevosses’ were given a settlement of 65 million dollars that was not deserved. The Winklevosses’ should not have received a penny of Zuckerberg’s money simply because they did not physically create Facebook, Zuckerberg did not use any of their â€Å"codes† to make the site, and the Winklevoss twins did not fund during the creation of Facebook. In the beginning of â€Å"The Social Network†, Zuckerberg agrees to help the Winklevoss twins create their website. After a few weeks Zuckerberg makes little contact with Cameron and Tyler. At this point Zuckerberg is doing all the work with his partner Edward Saverin. The twins never actually did any physical work that goes into creating a website. All they did was give orders and sit and wait for Mark Zuckerberg to finish their website so they could take all the credit. After a month or two Zuckerberg finally hinted that the website would not be possible to complete at the rate he was working. The Winklevoss twins had no physical involvement in making any website whatsoever. They should not have won any type of settlement just because they asked someone to complete a task and that someone decided not to do it. They should have just fired him like it was any other job. Another reason why the Winklevoss twins should not have received any type of settlement is because Zuckerberg and his team did not use any of the twins â€Å"networking codes† when creating the Facebook. I agree that they had similar ideas but saying something and actually doing it are very different things. These codes are formatting platforms that make a website. Zuckerberg did not use any codes that resemble Cameron’s and Tyler’s website they initially wanted to construct. It’s like Google versus Bing. They are very similar, but one is more popular. They both have the same general idea but are not the same. Anybody should be able to create a website similar to another and not be sued for copyright issues. Money was also a big issue in this lawsuit. The Winklevoss twins agreed to pay Zuckerberg for his services and for any supplies needed during the process. Zuckerberg did not accept anything because he was working with Edward Saverin whom was providing all of the funding. Saverin set aside thousands and thousands of dollars to help start what is now Facebook. As for the twins, they did not officially give any funding to Zuckerberg or his partner. This lawsuit would have been different if Zuckerberg would have accepted money to create his own website and not what the Winklevosses’ wanted. That would definitely be a problem because they paid for a service and nothing was given in return. Since none of the Winklevosses’ money was used to create Facebook there should not be any problems. In conclusion, the lawsuit between Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss and Mark Zuckerberg should not have ended the way it did. No money should have been given to the twins especially not 65 million dollars. Zuckerberg probably did not want to pay them anything either but wanted to get them off his back since he had billions of dollars to be made in Facebook. I don’t think the Winklevoss twins deserved one cent just because they had a general idea. Any one individual can have an idea but if no work is went into it than there is no point in crying about it. Zuckerberg was able to prove that none of the codes were used when making Facebook so no copyright lawsuits should have been filed. You cannot expect Zuckerberg to just give up and hand over a billion dollar company when the twins did not even give them money to help keep the website running. Think about it, why should Zuckerberg give Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss any rights to the company when they just sat there and did nothing. They did not put any effort except emailing Zuckerberg about his progress. The Winklevoss twins were in the wrong 100 percent and should not have gained anything for something they did not contribute to. How to cite Facebook Essay, Essay examples

Mothership by Led Zeppelin free essay sample

First and foremost it is necessary for me to say that Mothership is a combination of Led Zeppelin’s best songs, which is hard to say as almost all of Led Zeppelin’s songs are great. This is the kind of album that you can press play and listen to all of the songs and not have to skip any of the songs to listen to a good one. The main reason I love Led Zeppelin is because of their raw talent, which is perfectly channeled together to create this musical genius. Led Zeppelin has four members: John Bonham who plays the drums extremely well, John Paul Jones who can rock the bass guitar, is skilled on the keys and with a mandolin as well, Jimmy page who is amazing on the guitar and is known worldwide for his genius, and Robert Plant with his multi octave vocals which leave the listener stunned in awe. We will write a custom essay sample on Mothership by Led Zeppelin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With this combination this group was able to produce hit after hit with great success. This album starts with a song titled â€Å"Good Times Bad Times† which starts with pages explosive guitar riffs, paired with the delightfully rhythmic smashing of Bonham’s drums. This album takes an acoustic turn during the fourth song â€Å"Babe I’m Gonna’ Leave You†. This song features similar tones that are also found in the song â€Å"Going to California† in Led Zeppelin IV, and the whimsical song â€Å"Over The Hills and Far Away† in the second disk of Mothership. To finish my review I feel I have to touch on what I feel is one of the best, if not the best, songs ever written and performed. The song I am talking about is of course: â€Å"Stairway to Heaven†. I am sure that everyone has heard this song at least once in their lifetime, and if you haven’t, I urge you to do so now. This song is a crowning jewel for Led Zeppelin and al lows the listener to really get a feel for all of what Led Zeppelin has to offer. It opens with a beautiful acoustic melody, followed by a clean electric guitar. After a whimsical tone is set, Plant takes you further away with his angelic voice. This leads into a beautiful hard rock riff, into a beautiful solo. The song finishes with Plant singing solo: â€Å"And she’s buying a stairway†¦ to Heaven.† All in all Led Zeppelin is necessary listening material for any person who likes music. I hope you enjoy Led Zeppelin’s Mothership.

Cross Cultural Studies Essays - Cultural Geography, Cultural Studies

Cross Cultural Studies Question: What is the value of making cross-cultural comparisons? (Miller, Pg#11: 1999) Cultural anthropology encompasses all aspects of human beliefs, behaviors and ideas. What would the world be like without any knowledge of other cultures? Anthropologists study different cultures to be more understanding and accepting, more appreciative and to enrich our own culture. What is the real problem with the Ku Klux Klan? Perhaps, if they took the time to understand the African-American and Jewish cultures, for example, they would be more accepting of the diversity. Hundreds of years of cultural imperialism has evolved into a legion of hate. Emic studies put the researcher in the middle of the culture, free to interact and discover a new life style. After a few months or even a year in a different culture, one has a better understanding of the lifestyle, and understanding leads to acceptance. Once people, especially powerful political leaders, learn cultural relativism war will be a practice of the past and only discussed in history classes. Another reason for cross-cultural comparison is to make us more appreciative of our own culture and environment. For example, members of the Peace Corp volunteer months to years of their lives to live and help in third world countries. They may not be there with the purpose of studying culture, however, living among the people and having to adapt to their way of life gives them a first-hand experience of a third world life. Seeing the way life is without any luxuries make us realize how convenient our lives are. Plentiful amounts of food, clean water, stable shelter and adequate clothing are just a few of the many luxuries that our culture sees as essentials. Many volunteers return from the Peace Corp and adopt a new way of life; much less extravagant than the one they led before. Finally, we study other cultures to enrich our own. Where would Canadian culture be without the influence of the French, Italian, Chinese, and all the other cultures that form the cultural mosaic that defines Canada? Without the mixture of cultures in our country, we would still be eating meat and potatoes for every meal. The cultural blend that has come together to make up Canada, but yet retain their own individualities, work together to make a hybrid culture created from the best of all that are combined. In conclusion, we see that without cross-cultural comparisons life would be boring and monotonous. Learning about other cultures makes us more understanding, accepting, and appreciative of the diversity. No more war, no more racism and no more ethnic cleansing once ethnocentrism and cultural imperialism are abolished. Cultural diversity is the spice of life.

Free Essays on Kaffir Boy

â€Å"Struggle For Education† In â€Å"Kaffir Boy†, Mark â€Å"Johannes† Mathabane’s mother strives to send him to school. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. Even though her husband disapproves, she will not let anything get in her way, but now her desires for her son to be educated are stronger. Her courage speaks louder than the consequences she will face with her husband. It seems as though her husband is dealing with a great amount of jealously. A jealously that will decipher Johannes’s decision about school. â€Å"Did you hear what that woman said!† â€Å"Do you want the same to happen to you?† A statement and question raised by his mother to show Johannes the importance of an education. â€Å"They finally did. But what a battle it was, it took me nearly a year to get all them papers together.† Since it took his mother so long to get everything together there was no way she was going to let everything she worked so hard for go down the drain. Even though Johannes’s mother and father were from different tribes, that did not stop her from putting her son in school. â€Å"Your father and I fought today because I took you to school this morning.† Johannes’s mother expresses her courage throughout the story. â€Å"He had told me not to, and when I told him that I had, he became very upset. He was drunk. We started arguing, and one thing let to another.† She shows her courage by disobeying her husband’s orders. Unlike her husband, she wants Johannes to have a future and getting an education is the only way for a future. Being beaten was the consequence of disobeying her husband, but the beating how no effect for Johannes’s mother wanted to see her son succeed in the world. Johannes’s father seems to be jealous that his own son may have a chance to be educated. He says, â€Å"he doesn’t have money to wasted paying for you to get what he calls an useless white man’s education.† It seems that he does not unde... Free Essays on Kaffir Boy Free Essays on Kaffir Boy â€Å"Struggle For Education† In â€Å"Kaffir Boy†, Mark â€Å"Johannes† Mathabane’s mother strives to send him to school. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. Even though her husband disapproves, she will not let anything get in her way, but now her desires for her son to be educated are stronger. Her courage speaks louder than the consequences she will face with her husband. It seems as though her husband is dealing with a great amount of jealously. A jealously that will decipher Johannes’s decision about school. â€Å"Did you hear what that woman said!† â€Å"Do you want the same to happen to you?† A statement and question raised by his mother to show Johannes the importance of an education. â€Å"They finally did. But what a battle it was, it took me nearly a year to get all them papers together.† Since it took his mother so long to get everything together there was no way she was going to let everything she worked so hard for go down the drain. Even though Johannes’s mother and father were from different tribes, that did not stop her from putting her son in school. â€Å"Your father and I fought today because I took you to school this morning.† Johannes’s mother expresses her courage throughout the story. â€Å"He had told me not to, and when I told him that I had, he became very upset. He was drunk. We started arguing, and one thing let to another.† She shows her courage by disobeying her husband’s orders. Unlike her husband, she wants Johannes to have a future and getting an education is the only way for a future. Being beaten was the consequence of disobeying her husband, but the beating how no effect for Johannes’s mother wanted to see her son succeed in the world. Johannes’s father seems to be jealous that his own son may have a chance to be educated. He says, â€Å"he doesn’t have money to wasted paying for you to get what he calls an useless white man’s education.† It seems that he does not unde...

Final wiki Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final wiki - Assignment Example The class group debate created relaxed environment for allotment thoughts and ideas while deliberating on the issues of discussion. Moreover, it helped me in improving writing skills i.e. use of active and passive voices appropriately, verbs, adjectives and avoidance of clichà ©s. Further, it improved my research skills such as analytical skills in data breakdown to manageable units, ability to timely grasp new concepts and practical skills in performance of experiments and identification of resources. Debating skills like peer group discussion, arguing and supporting your opinion with logic and articulation of ideas. Nevertheless, the group activities in class enhanced interaction and collaboration between my members and me. I was taught actually to understand cultural diversity and acceptance of varied views and opinions of different individuals on different topics. Above all, the tools greatly improved my expressing ability mainly using concept maps for the topics that were tedious for me to express through essay writings and hence earned a chance of learning new tools to build

The World Is More Depressed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The World Is More Depressed - Essay Example The major argument of the article is that the process of urbanization and the advancement in technology are major causes of increased depression globally. This is because, with urbanization, comes fractured families, increased use of drugs and alcohol, as well as poverty, all of which are risk factors for depression (Luhrmann, n.p.). On the other hand, technological advancement has increased access to information about other people especially through social media, causing people to compare their lives with those of others, and thus becoming depressed. The author has a bias for India as the country she has visited frequently and understands its situation more than elsewhere globally. Thus she uses it as the predominant example of increased depression, while the situation could be even worse elsewhere. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the article? The strength of the article is that it has applied the backing of various scientific studies from different parts of the world to ba ck the argument. The weakness is that the author has less exposure to the conditions of the rest of the world in relation to depression, thus paints India as the most affected country. The first-hand experience and scientific data of depression from the rest of the world, other than India, Japan, Britain, and the USA, is missing. The article is effective since it has been able to deliver the message in a more comprehensive and scientifically backed manner, through the application of data from different scientific studies.

Principles of Metal Manufacturing Processes Lab Report

Principles of Metal Manufacturing Processes - Lab Report Example The present research has identified that when more loads are applied the specimen breaks at the centre. The data of load versus extension of the specimen is collected and used in calculation of stress and strain. The values are plotted on an X-Y graph and yield a typical graph. From the graph several material properties could be calculated and observe. The following experiment investigates the Young’s Modulus of a piece of wire subjected to tension. To get the Young’s Modulus, stress and strain of the wire must be calculated from the recorded results. The linear section of the graph is referred to as the yield strength where the material shows elastic behavior and it is used in the calculation of E. On the other hand, the other part of the graph is referred to as the non linear section. The yield point is the transition between the linear and the non-linear sections, and the magnitude of stress at this section is termed as the yield strength (ÏÆ'Y). The slope of the li near section of the curve gives the material’s Young’s modulus, given in GPa. The formula for calculating Young's modulus is shown below. Â  The slope of the linear section of the curve gives the material’s Young’s modulus, given in GPa. The formula for calculating Young's modulus is shown below. The objective of this experiment is to determine the Young’s Modulus when a piece of wire is subjected to varying forces. Apparatus The following apparatus were used during the experiment: 1 x G-clamp, approximately 10 cm jaw 1 x 2 wooden blocks 1 x single pulley placed on a bench clamp 1 x meter rule 1 x Adhesive tape 2 x cardboard bridges 1 x mass hanger with 8 slotted masses, 100g each 2 x lengths of copper wire 1 x safety spectacles Wire rolls and threads Procedure The experiment set up was as shown in figure 3 below. Figure 3: Experimental setup 1. After the set up was made, a copper wire was stretched and fixed horizontally along the bench as shown in figure 3 above 2. A maker was made from the adhesive tape and it was attached to the wire to make it less 2 m from the clamp and approximately 5 cm from the pulley. The marker was set to line up with the meter rule so that it could be used to measure the extension of the wire. A loop was made in the end of the wire for loading 3. The original length of the wire was measured and recorded. This was the length from the clamp to the marker. A small mass of 100g was then placed to stretch the wire and the length recorded. 4. The masses were increased gradually in steps of 200g while the force and the corresponding extension was recorded in each case.

The Driving Forces Behind Crowdfunding Management Essay

The Driving Forces Behind Crowdfunding Management Essay How can you raise over 10,000,000 in funding for a consumer product, that is not yet produced, without any help from banks, angel investors or venture capitalists. How can you make hundreds of people pay for a meal they just might receive in a distant future? How is it possible to turn thousands of committed customers to also become shareholders without the process of an IPO? The answer is crowdfunding, which is a financing method that has exploded in popularity the last few years and that is changing the way many individuals, start-ups and businesses seek funding (kà ¤lla Forbes). The basic idea of crowdfunding is to raise external finance from a large audience (the crowd), where each individual provides a very small amount, instead of soliciting a small group of sophisticated investors (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 1). The individuals, investors, customers or consumers that make up the crowd are called crowdfunders (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 4) and usually pool their money together via the Internet (kà ¤lla) An example of how powerful crowdfunding can be is the Pebble E-paper Watch, a smartwatch for iPhone and Android, which raised $10,266,845 in investments during roughly one and a half months on the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter (Kickstarter. 2012c). Another example is the Swedish hamburger restaurant Flippin Burgers, which got hundreds of individuals paying for a hamburger before the restaurant even existed and simultaneously financed the start-up of their now immensely popular venue in Stockholm (kà ¤lla). example of equity crowdfunding The crowdfunding market has grown with 557 % in the last five years and crowdfunding platforms raised a total of almost $1.5 billion in 2011, exceeding one million successful projects (Massolution, 2012). This number is predicted to double in 2012 with the current growth rate, which indicates that this nascent method of financing definitely has the potential to make a substantial change in the way individuals, start-ups and businesses seek financing (kà ¤lla). The long-term potential of crowdfunding is hard to predict, but currently the phenomena of crowdfunding looks promising. With scarce research on the subject, there are many aspects of crowdfunding that are still unexplored and with the projected industry growth, a demand will likely arise for a foundation of which entrepreneurs and managers can make informed decisions when hosting crowdfunding projects. 1.1. Background The background chapter will firstly cover the consumers involvement over time and its implications on crowdfunding, then a definition of crowdfunding will follow and lastly three different types of crowdfunding will be presented. 1.1.1. The Consumers Involvement Consumers have traditionally been positioned at the end of a firms value chain, but last decades their role have changed from not only being a target for marketing activities, to actually being a part of the value creation of a firms products or services (Hunt, Geiger-Oneto Varca, 2012, p. 347). The consumers have subsequently become key information sources, co-producers, partners for innovation and, finally, co-creators of value in the related literature (Ordanini, Miceli, Pizzetti Parasuraman, 2011, p. 444). This shift of focus on the role of the consumer has led to frequent activities by many firms to involve consumers and unidentified individuals in the process of product development and value creation (Zheng, Li, and Hou, 2011, p. 57). Involving consumers as co-producers and co-creators also provides value for the consumers and the process has been positively correlated with the consumers product satisfaction (Hunt et al., 2012, p. 347). This evolution of the consumers role was made possible initially by the rise of the Internet and later by technological innovations associated with Web 2.0 (Kleemann, Voß and Rieder, 2008, p. 5). Web 2.0 is a expression coined in 2004 noting a set of principles and practices that had emerged on the Internet, such as users being co-developers of open source development practices (OReilly, 2007, p. 19 30). Recently, the consumers role has also expanded to include investment support. This phenomenon of collective efforts by consumers and individuals to pool their money together via the Internet to invest in different projects is called crowdfunding (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 444). Kleemann et al. (2008) argue that we are witnessing an emerge of a new consumer type called the working consumer. Ordanini et al. (2011) also describes the idea of crowdfunding, when consumers and individuals pay for producing and promoting a product instead of buying it, as a further step in the evolution of the consumers role. In association with these initiatives of involving the consumers as investors, there are several issues in the boundaries between marketing and finance, that are not yet fully explored and explained (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 444). Zheng et al. (2011) have shown that consumers get involved in similar kind of initiatives to a great extent because of their intrinsic motivations. However, the field of crowdfunding is still unexplored when it comes to why and how consumers contribute with monetary investments, the selection of initiatives and what implications these behaviors within crowdfunding should have for firms and managers engaging in these kind of activities (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 444). 1.1.2. A Definition of Crowdfunding Crowdfunding is defined as: an initiative undertaken to raise money for a new project proposed by someone, by collecting small to medium-size investments from several other people (i.e. a crowd) (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 444) The actors involved in crowdfunding are the people who propose projects to be funded, the crowdfunding organization and the crowd itself. The crowdfunding organization serves as a form of hub, bringing together those who may want to invest in crowdfunding initiatives and those who seek investments for their projects via crowdfunding (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 444-445). These crowdfunding organizations typically conduct their business via a website, (compare: http://www.indiegogo.com/, http://www.kickstarter.com/ and https://www.sellaband.com/) in which actors can advertise their crowdfunding initiatives to the crowd. The crowdfunding phenomena is much like regular investments, some efforts are successful and some are not. A popular crowdfunding site at the time of writing, Kickstarter, reports that 43.81 % of the crowdfunding projects at their website are successful   (Kickstarter. 2012d). They also report that they do not accept just any crowdfunding request and that about 25 % of submitted projects are not accepted to the site (Kickstarter. 2012b). This means, in practice, given that their numbers are correct, that about one third (0,75*0,4381à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1/3) of the attempted crowdfunding projects at the website in question are successful. One example of such a successful crowdfunding project in 2012 is Pebble E-paper Watch, which in total raised $10,266,845 in investments during roughly one and a half months (Kickstarter. 2012c). This demonstrates that it is indeed possible to obtain large investments from crowdfunding. 1.1.3. Different Types of Crowdfunding Crowdfunding can be divided into three different types of crowdfunding initiatives: (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13) Donations asking for donations rather than offering some kind of financial or remunerative incentive in exchange of an investment (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13). Example: Raising money for a good cause, like surgery of a diseased child. Passive investments giving some form of incentive in exchange for investments, these incentives can take many forms. In general a higher investments yields a higher incentive. Most crowdfunding like this does not offer any kind of possibility for the investor to participate in the project. This is in other words a form of crowdfunding where the entrepreneurs raise money without giving up control or having the customers actively involved (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13). Example: Pre-ordering of a product (such as a music CD). Active investments offering an active role in the initiative in exchange for investments. This could include offering shares of the profit or voting rights for features of the product. As in the case of passive investments, a higher investment in active investments generally yields a higher incentive. The entrepreneurs can in this way gain insight in their markets and receive valuable information of how the market thinks the product should be customized (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13-14). This type of investment with involvement in co-production, increases product satisfaction (Hunt, Geiger-Oneto Varca, 2012, p. 354). Example: Offering shares of profit from a concert, in proportion to how much money is invested. 1.2. Problem Discussion and Previous Research As a new emerging phenomena, crowdfunding and its consequences for businesses and consumers are not fully understood. For instance: what drives the engagement of consumers to invest in crowdfunding initiatives? (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 444) One interesting way of approaching this question is stated by Ordanini, Miceli, Pizzetti and Parasuraman (2011, p. 446): Some extant literature streams are helpful in providing an appropriate backdrop for understanding crowd-funding, although insights from each stream only address some but not all aspects of this emerging phenomenon. This method provides an helpful framework for approaching the problem. The actors that invest in crowdfunding projects can be seen as both customers and investors (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13 Ordanini et al., 2011). This, in combination with the statement above, suggests that it is interesting to investigate why people participate and invest in crowdfunding projects both from a customer behavior perspective and an investment behavior perspective. Crowdfunding is as mentioned in 1.1.2 conducted online. If crowdfunders are seen as customers, the act of participating in crowdfunding can be compared to customer behavior in online shopping. Research in online customer behavior suggest that customers are motivated by extrinsic and intrinsic motivations when shopping online (Shang, Chen, Shen,   2005, p. 401). Since crowdfunding is a relatively new phenomena, the literature in the subject is far from extensive. To demonstrate this, examples of searches in Scopus and Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge as of the 25th of October 2012 will be presented below. Scopus and Web of Knowledge are extensive databases tracking citations with 47 million (SciVerse, 2012) and 49,4 million (Web of Knowledge, 2011) records respectively. A search for the term crowdfunding in Scopus rendered 5 results when limiting the results to articles. The same search in Web of Knowledge rendered 9 articles. Out of all these articles the oldest one was from 2011 (Ley Weaven, 2011), and the rest were published in 2012. This demonstrates that crowdfunding is indeed a new phenomena, and from these quick searches it can be concluded that the literature in crowdfunding is scarce. In a review of the literature found during the literature study which laid the foundation to this thesis (and included broader search terms than the above mentioned) it was found that it was only Ordanini, Miceli, Pizzetti Parasuraman (2011) who have studied how and why people engage in crowdfunding initiatives. The authors did this by conducting interviews with employees at three major crowdfunding platforms. Their findings revealed that crowdfunding participants motivations were very dependent on the type of project. Their study showed that the main motivation is patronage for music projects, monetary return for financial loaning and social participation for charity. However, their findings are based on interviews with informants from the crowdfunding intermediates without including any individual investors in their study. It appears to be a knowledge gap from an investor perspective, investigating the investors motivations to participate in crowdfunding initiatives. Since the actors engaging in crowdfunding initiatives can be seen as both customers and investors (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13 Ordanini et al., 2011), it is interesting to research why individuals get involved in crowdfunding both from a customer behavioral perspective and an investment behavioral perspective. To the extent of our knowledge, this has not been covered in the literature so far.   In summary, the literature on crowdfunding is scarce and while some aspects of crowdfunding has been studied, others remain unexplored. The purpose of this study is to attempt to fill the mentioned knowledge gap about motivations in the literature of crowdfunding and contribute to widening the research on crowdfunding. This thesis will examine the factors that motivate customers/investors to engage in passive crowdfunding projects. 1.3. Research Questions The problem description has resulted in the following research questions: 1. How do crowdfunders intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affect their size of investment in passive crowdfunding projects? 2. How important is the influence of other crowdfunders investments? 1.4. Purpose The purpose of this study is to research the relatively new phenomena of crowdfunding and examine the motivational factors that make people invest in crowdfunding projects. By examining why consumers invest in crowdfunding projects this study is intended to contribute to fill the knowledge gap identified in the problem description. The literature in general about crowdfunding is scarce and to our knowledge this type of study about crowdfunding has not been conducted before. Praktiska tillà ¤mpningar 1.5. Disposition The disposition of the thesis will be as follows, after this section a chapter about the theory used in this thesis will be presented, followed by a chapter about the research design and methods used. After that, the results of our surveys will be presented and a critical discussion about the results will follow. At the very end, the conclusions from the study will be presented and after that a list of references and appendixes will finalize this essay. 2. Theory This chapter will present the theory that lays the foundation to the thesis. First, customer behavior and relevant motivation theory will described and related to crowdfunding, including the important distinction made in this thesis between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Second, relevant investment behavior theory related to crowdfunding and an explanation of the phenomena of momentum in crowdfunding will be explained. 2.1 Customer Behavior As mentioned in the problem discussion, the individuals participating in crowdfunding projects can be seen as both customers and investors (Schwienbacher Larralde, 2010, p. 13 Ordanini et al., 2011). The first research question of this thesis is What motivates crowdfunders to invest in crowdfunding projects?, therefore motivation theories will be presented below. In general, motivation research   is directed to finding motives for peoples behavior (Sheth Mittal, 2004, p. 234). Within customer behavior, motivation research is aimed at finding out the conscious or subconscious reasons that motivate people to buy or not to buy a particular product, service or brand, or to patronize or avoid a store, or to accept or reject a marketing communication (ibid.). In this study, the research will be aimed at finding out the reasons why customers engage in crowdfunding initiatives, in other words, why they purchased the incentive offered at a given investment level. 2.1.1. Motivation Ryan Deci describes to be motivated as the means to be moved to do something (2000a, p. 54). A person who is motivated is a person who is inspired, energized or activated to act, where as an unmotivated person, feels no drive, incentive or stimulus to act. Motivation can be measured in terms of the level of motivation and the orientation of the motivation. The level of motivation refers to how much motivation an individual has, for example when a potential customer is out shopping for a car, if the salesman who assists the customer get paid in terms of commission it could be expected that this salesman has a higher level of motivation to make the sale than if the same salesman would have a fixed salary and no commission. The orientation of motivation refers to the underlying motives, goals and attitudes of the motivation, in other words why someone is motivated. An example of orientation of motivation is that a student may do her homework because she finds it interesting and intrigu ing, or the student may do her homework because her teacher and parents require her to do it. The student in this example may have equal level of motivation in both cases, but the nature of the motivation is entirely different because of its origin (Ryan Deci, 2000a, p. 54-55). A basic distinction of orientations of motivation is the distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation: (Ryan Deci, 2000a, p. 55) 2.1.1.1. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation is an orientation of motivation that origins in doing something for its inherent satisfactions rather than doing something to achieve an outcome. An intrinsically motivated person is a person who is motivated because an activity is fun, challenging, novel, interesting or simply put satisfying psychological needs (Ryan Deci, 2000a, p. 56-57). This can be compared to that children from the date of birth are active, curious and playful in despite of rewards being absent. It is a natural motivation that encourages assimilation, mastery, spontaneous interest and exploration that is so essential to cognitive and social development and that represents a principal source of enjoyment   and vitality throughout life (Ryan Deci, 2000b, p. 70). In crowdfunding, examples of intrinsic motivation could be to fund a technological project of a gadget because it is fun, or funding a project raising money for surgery of a child out of compassion. An important concept in the case of charity is warm-glove giving. Warm-glove giving means that donors are egoistically motivated by the act of giving and not only the altruism  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Andreoni, 1990, p. FIXA). 2.1.1.1. Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation is in contrast to intrinsic motivation when the origin of motivation lies in obtaining a separable outcome from performing an activity. Satisfying psychological needs is not necessarily related to extrinsic motivation, instead extrinsic motivation covers the continuum between amotivation and intrinsic motivation (Ryan Deci, 2000b, p. 71-72). An illustration of this is that a student may do her homework because she fears sanctions from her parents or because the student sincerely believe that doing the homework will be valuable for her future career. In the latter case intrinsic motivation and feeling of choice is present, while in the prior case external control and compliance is imminent. Even though both cases involves intentional behavior, the types of extrinsic motivation is different because they vary in autonomy. In crowdfunding, examples of extrinsic motivation could be to fund a technological project of a gadget because an incentive given is the actual gadget, or funding an artists concert for a share of the profit. 2.1.2 Shopping experience 2.2. Investment Behavior According to Ordanini et al. (2011), the emerging phenomena of crowdfunding has transformed consumers into investors. The consumers are contributing financially to other peoples or organizations projects and expect either a monetary or non-monetary incentive for their support. Thus, the characteristics of crowdfunding are very similar to financial investments and the behavior of crowdfunders can thereby resemble the investment behavior of individuals in financial markets   (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 450). Herding Behavior in Online Shopping A large group (a crowd or mob) is likely to show examples of group behaviour 2.2.1. Herding Behavior in Financial Markets Crowdfunding projects seem to follow similar patterns where the financing of the crowdfunders triggers a chain reaction and facilitates rapid growth at a certain point (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 457-458). This kind of snowball effect in the crowdfunders behavior, of something small building upon itself and becoming larger, can be found and be explained in several investment situations and can be both positive and negative. This investment behavior can be found as a negative effect in bank runs (Iyer Puri, 2012, p. 1414) and as a positive effect in rational herding in financial economics (Devenow Welch, 1996, p. 603). Bank runs are situations when bank customers withdraw their deposits from banks because they dont believe that the bank can keep them safe. This phenomenon has been a recurrent case in the history, from the Great Depression in the 1930s, to the financial crisis recently (Iyer Puri, 2012, p. 1414). The same pattern can be found in rational herding in the financial mark ets, when investors act based on other investors decisions rather than information about the investment itself (Masson, Gotur Lane, 2001, p. 100). Imitation and mimicry are two of the humans most basic instincts, which could partly explain why investors are influenced by the decisions of other investors in financial economics (Devenow Welch, 1996, p. 603). Rational herding occurs because of payoff externalities and information externalities. Payoff externalities is when investors benefit from other investors following their actions and information externalities is when investors gain useful information from observing previous investors decisions to a level where they consider it to be more reliable than their own information (Masson, Gotur Lane, 2001, p. 100). 2.2.2. Investment Momentum in Crowdfunding Ordanini et al. (2011) have found that a similar momentum in crowdfunding occurs at a recurrent stage of the crowdfunding process and they have identified three distinct phases in the investment process that are applicable to most crowdfunding projects. The first phase includes the investments reaching approximately half of the projects target capital and mostly consists of investments from people who are directly connected to the project or the network of the creator of the project. The emphasis in this phase is the involvement of people related to the project or the creator to accumulate a start funding underlying the rest of the crowdfunding process (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 457-458). The second stage usually slows down in investment growth and is considered to be the most delicate and important phase, since it typically determines if a project fails or succeeds. Motivating and involving people in this phase is crucial to trigger the crowding process and the inability to do so is a very common reason for failure (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 457-458). The third and last phase is when a project triggers a chain reaction that facilitates rapid growth to reach and, in some cases, exceed the investment target. The crowdfunders in this phase are primarily people without any original connection to the project and the investment process usually speeds up when it comes closer to the accumulated target investment. Ordanini et al. (2011) claim that the reason for this is that in many cases, the opportunity to invest will disappear as the project reaches its target investment. In this situation, the crowdfunders act very similar to investors in the financial markets and nobody want to miss the opportunity to invest and be a part of the project, which results in a chain reaction triggering more and more people to invest (Ordanini et al., 2011, p. 457-458). Crowdfunding momentum graph? (Ordanini) 3. Method This chapter will explain the method used in this thesis. Firstly a broad perspecitve of the method used will be presented, the Research approach and Research design. After that a more narrow view and thesis specific details will be presented; the Research strategy using surveys, the conduction of the survey and the data analysis. Finally the reliability, validity and replicability of this study and the presentation of data will be presented. 3.1. Research Approach As shown, crowdfunding is a subject on which there is little existing literature and scarce knowledge. Because of the insufficient prior research on the topic, it is simply not possible to define a theoretical framework for a hypothesis, which precludes a deductive research approach (Saunders et al., 2007, p. 127). The research questions emphasizes on why something is happening, rather than being able to describe what is happening, which implies that a more inductive approach would be appropriate (Saunders et al., 2007, p. 126). Although, an inductive approach involves drawing generalizable inferences out of observations (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 14), which is not an accurate relationship between the theory and data in the study since the research questions are based on previous studies. The objective of the study is to discover new variables and relationships and to stress theory development, rather than theory generation or confirmation of existing theory. For such a study, Dubois G adde (2002) suggest an abductive approach which enables continuous interplay between theory and empirical observations. The abductive approach also allows the framework to be successively modified as a result of unanticipated findings and insights during the research process, which enables new conclusions when theoretical models and new concepts encounter the reality (Dubois Gadde, 2002, p. 559). 3.2. Research Design The research desigend is intended to generate evidence to answer the research questions that are established and to act as a framework for the research process (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 39-40). The study entails data from several cases at a single point in time in order to collect quantifiable data to detect patterns of associations. Because of this, this study is based on a cross-sectional design, which is the study of a phenomena in a given point in time (Saunders, 2007, p. 155).   A cross-sectional design enables examining several variables to explore potential variations, which suits the research questions of identifying motivations and distinguishing differences between different categories in crowdfunding. In cross-sectional design research, the data is also collected simultaneously, in contrast to experimental design, and the data is quantifiable by a systematic method for measurement and benchmarking. However, with the cross-sectional design it is only possible to examine rel ationships without being certain of the casual influence, in contrast to an experimental design where variables are manipulated (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 55). Although a cross-sectional research design is sufficiently adequate to serve as a foundation for drawing certain inferences (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 56). 3.3. Sampling This study has been conducted on the following crowdfunding websites: http://www.rockthepost.com/ http://www.sponsume.com/ http://www.helpersunite.com/ http://peerbackers.com/ https://www.sellaband.com/ The reason for choosing the above mentioned crowdfunding websites is that they permit contacting the participants in their crowdfunding projects via the websites respective internal mail systems. There are a few more crowdfunding websites in which it is possible to contact investors, but some require that you have invested in the same project as the users that you want to contact and others have no compulsory contact information, meaning that the users manually would have to post their contact information in their description to be contactable through the website. Worth noting is that even in the websites chosen for this study, there are some users that can not be contacted because of the option of being anonymous when investing. The study is also, as mentioned in the research questions, limited to passive investments in crowdfunding. Within passive investments this thesis is also limited to only successful crowdfunding projects, because the crowdfunding websites appear to remove the unsuccessful projects as to not discourage potential clients. This makes it impossible to access information about unsuccessful crowdfunding projects without the owners of the websites collaboration. Collaborating with the crowdfunding websites themselves has though been judged to be out of the scope for this study due to time restrictions. A consequence of studying only successful crowdfunding projects is that the participants in our study are asked about their motivations retrospectively. This means that the participants investment motivations rather are their retrospective rationalization of their investments, than their decision making process prior to the investment. Therefore, it is impossible to determine to what degree the customers/investors were affected by any post-purchase rationalization or dissonance to justify their investments. In an attempt to counter this problem, only crowdfunders that have participated in crowdfunding projects that have recently ended has been contacted. The time frame chosen for this was one week. Within the crowdfunding projects chosen within the different categories of crowdfunding no sampling were made, instead all participants that were not anonymous were contacted. 3.4. Research Strategy: Surveys The research strategy chosen for this thesis is surveys in the form of Internet questionnaires. This research strategy has been chosen because it is common in business and management research and allow for collection of large amounts of data to a relatively small cost (Saunders, 2007, p. 144). Given the quota sampling and the internal mail systems provided by the crowdfunding sites, Internet surveys provided us with a simple solution of reaching out to all participants in selected crowdfunding projects, seeing as it was fairly easy to contact the crowdfunders via the internal mailing system. This allowed for generating findings that are representative for the entire population in the chosen crowdfunding projects. In comparison to interviews this is also a less time consuming strategy and seeing as this is a bachelor thesis, time is of the essence. Surveys allows for collecting large amounts of data for statistical analysis. The data collected from surveys could for example be used for suggesting possible relationships between variables and produce models for these relationships (Saunders, 2007, p. 144) (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 56). This is much in line with our research questions.    3.4.1 Survey Design When designing a survey it is important to use standardized questions that will are likely to be interpreted in the same way by all respondents (Saunders, 2007, p. 393). The surveys sent out to the different crowdfunding projects where therefore identical. Language non native English speakers The questionnaire consists of XX questions in total, this because a questionnaire should not be longer than is necessary to meet the research objective and that it is generally believed that a shorter questionnaire has a higher response rate than a longer questionnaire (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2012, p. 436). Designing questions (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 266-271)

Antigone :: essays research papers

In our society today, movies and television shows are being broadcast all over the world to many genders, races, and ages. Some of these shows involve many violent topics and situations. For example, the news qualifies as a violent shows because three fourths of every broadcast involves a violent situation. The next generation of adults is exposed to this violence everyday, thinking it’s cool or acceptable. I think that if teenagers witness the violent actions in person they would react differently than seeing them on TV. The violent scenes in Antigone are much like crimes that occur everyday. For example, a gang related crime can be compared to one of the many deaths in Antigone. The public views these crimes as normal. Most often violence in the news is ignored or called normal. If more people witnessed violence then maybe more actions would be taken to stop it from happening. I think the violence told in Antigone was very low-key compared to the things we see today on the news. Today, our society likes to take time off to relax and watch a movie. Do you think it’s relaxing to watch people die and constantly be injured? Well most of the movies out today are violent. Even thought here are strict rating rules put on these movies, children are still seeing them. For example, The Power Rangers Movie. In this movie, five teenagers take on the roles of fighters. When kids view this PG rated movie they see how cool it is to kill other creatures and human beings. About three weeks after this movie was released in Chicago, two kids were playing power rangers; they decided to take the game a step further by involving pencils used as swords. This game ended with one of the two kids with serious incisions from the pencil. This situation could have easily been avoided if some of these movies were not so violently oriented.